A discrete lattice model for assessment of buildability performance of 3D‐printed concrete

In this work, the lattice model is applied to study printing process and quantify buildability (i.e., maximum height that can be printed) for 3D concrete (3DCP). The simulates structural failure by incorporating an element birth technique, time-dependent stiffness strength, velocity, non-uniform gravitational load, localized damage, spatial variation of printed object. reproduce plastic collapse modes reported in literature. research, three main contributions 3DCP modeling work found. A new criterion proposed adopted improve estimation critical height; technique utilized mimic continuous impact load; variability a structure modeled through inclusion disorder during mesh generation Gaussian distributions material properties. Using model, parametric analyses on load are conducted assess their failure–deformation response height. Finally, validated comparison with two experiments from correct failure-deformation types structures commonly used quantification: 3D-printed hollow cylinder square wall layout. Lattice yields relative difference around 10% experimental For structure, predicted radial deformation corresponding show good agreement data; 41.38% overprediction total number layers, compared data. Possible reasons quantitative discrepancy discussed.